Semi-supervised User Geolocation via Graph Convolutional Networks
This is a Theano implementation of Semi-supervised User Geolocation via Graph Convolutional Networks paper, published
in ACL 2018. It contains 3 geolocation models: 1) gcn, 2) deep cca, and 3) concat network and text.
The input data contains Twitter users with their tweets concatenated as a single document, and the
@-mentions in their tweets is used to build a graph between users.
The model uses the node features and the graph between them jointly to predict a location for users.
For more information about the models refer to the paper. It contains a Theano-based Graph Convolutional Network
model which can be used standalone for other experiments.
Datasets are GEOTEXT a.k.a CMU (a small Twitter geolocation dataset)
and TwitterUS a.k.a NA (a bigger Twitter geolocation dataset) both
covering continental U.S. which can be downloaded from here
If you want to use the preprocessed data e.g., X, A in your own model download the pickle files from
here (1 dump.pkl file for each dataset). A is the normalised Laplacian matrix, and X is the node features (BoW) partitioned into train, dev, and test sets.
Then load the file like this:
import numpy as np
import cPickle
import scipy as sp
def load_obj(filename, serializer=cPickle):
with gzip.open(filename, 'rb') as fin:
obj = serializer.load(fin)
return obj
data = load_obj('dump.pkl')
A, X_train, Y_train, X_dev, Y_dev, X_test, Y_test, U_train, U_dev, U_test, classLatMedian, classLonMedian, userLocation = data
#A is the normalised laplacian matrix as A_hat in Kipf et al. (2016).
#The X_? and Y_? should be concatenated to be feed to GCN.
X = sp.sparse.vstack([X_train, X_dev, X_test])
if len(Y_train.shape) == 1:
Y = np.hstack((Y_train, Y_dev, Y_test))
else:
Y = np.vstack((Y_train, Y_dev, Y_test))
print(A.shape, X.shape, Y.shape)
#get train/dev/test indices in X, Y, and A.
train_indices = np.asarray(range(0, X_train.shape[0])).astype(dtypeint)
dev_indices = np.asarray(range(X_train.shape[0], X_train.shape[0] + X_dev.shape[0])).astype(dtypeint)
test_indices = np.asarray(range(X_train.shape[0] + X_dev.shape[0], X_train.shape[0] + X_dev.shape[0] + X_test.shape[0])).astype(dtypeint)
Then build your model and make predictions on X_test to get y_pred.
Then use the following function to evaluate the geolocation performance:
from haversine import haversine
import logging
def geo_eval(y_true, y_pred, U_eval, classLatMedian, classLonMedian, userLocation):
assert len(y_pred) == len(U_eval), "#preds: %d, #users: %d" %(len(y_pred), len(U_eval))
distances = []
latlon_pred = []
latlon_true = []
for i in range(0, len(y_pred)):
user = U_eval[i]
location = userLocation[user].split(',')
lat, lon = float(location[0]), float(location[1])
latlon_true.append([lat, lon])
prediction = str(y_pred[i])
lat_pred, lon_pred = classLatMedian[prediction], classLonMedian[prediction]
latlon_pred.append([lat_pred, lon_pred])
distance = haversine((lat, lon), (lat_pred, lon_pred))
distances.append(distance)
acc_at_161 = 100 * len([d for d in distances if d < 161]) / float(len(distances))
logging.info( "Mean: " + str(int(np.mean(distances))) + " Median: " + str(int(np.median(distances))) + " Acc@161: " + str(int(acc_at_161)))
return np.mean(distances), np.median(distances), acc_at_161, distances, latlon_true, latlon_pred
mean, median, acc, _, _, _ = geo_eval(y_true, y_pred, U_eval, classLatMedian, classLonMedian, userLocation)
.
├── data
│ ├── cmu
│ │ ├── user_info.dev.gz
│ │ ├── user_info.test.gz
│ │ ├── user_info.train.gz
│ │
│ └── na
│ ├── user_info.dev.gz
│ ├── user_info.test.gz
│ ├── user_info.train.gz
│
├── data.py
├── data.pyc
├── deepcca.py
├── experiments
│ ├── cmu-concat-fractions.sh
│ ├── cmu-dcca-fractions.sh
│ ├── cmu-gcn-fractions.sh
│ ├── cmu_layers_highway.sh
│ ├── cmu_layers_nohighway.sh
│ ├── feature_report.sh
│ ├── save_model.sh
│ └── tunebucket.sh
├── gcnmain.py
├── gcnmodel.py
├── gcnmodel.pyc
├── kdtree.py
├── kdtree.pyc
├── mlp.py
├── README.md
├── requirements.txt
└── utils.py
conda create --name geo python=3.7
Activate the environment:
conda activate geo
Install Libraries:
pip install -r requirements.txt
Upgrade Theano and Lasagne:
pip install --upgrade https://github.com/Theano/Theano/archive/master.zip
pip install --upgrade https://github.com/Lasagne/Lasagne/archive/master.zip
Note 1: The default parameters are not suitable for running the experiments.
Note 2: By changing the seed (e.g. using -seed 1 in command line) the results might slightly change, they might be slightly better or worse than the reported in the paper, but they shouldn’t be very different.
For the GCN model:
CMU (runtime: 3min):
THEANO_FLAGS='device=cuda0,floatX=float32' nice -n 9 python -u gcnmain.py -hid 300 300 300 -bucket 50 -batch 500 -d ./data/cmu/ -enc latin1 -mindf 10 -reg 0.0 -dropout 0.5 -cel 5 -highway
NA (runtime: 15h):
THEANO_FLAGS='device=cpu,floatX=float32' python -u gcnmain.py -hid 600 600 600 -bucket 2400 -batch 500 -d ~/data/na/ -mindf 10 -reg 0.0 -dropout 0.5 -cel 15 -highway
WORLD (runtime: 2.5days):
THEANO_FLAGS='device=cpu,floatX=float32' python -u gcnmain.py -hid 900 900 900 -bucket 2400 -batch 500 -d ~/data/world/ -mindf 10 -reg 0.0 -dropout 0.5 -cel 5 -highway
@InProceedings{P18-1187,
author = "Rahimi, Afshin
and Cohn, Trevor
and Baldwin, Timothy",
title = "Semi-supervised User Geolocation via Graph Convolutional Networks",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
year = "2018",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
pages = "2009--2019",
location = "Melbourne, Australia",
url = "http://aclweb.org/anthology/P18-1187"
}
Afshin Rahimi [email protected]