m4b-tool

m4b-tool is a is a wrapper for ffmpeg and mp4v2 to merge, split or and manipulate audiobook files with chapters. Although m4b-tool is designed to handle m4b files, nearly all audio formats should be supported, e.g. mp3, aac, ogg, alac and flac.

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Usage with Nix

Get Nix and ensure that Flakes are enabled.

• Running: nix run github:sandreas/m4b-tool or nix run github:sandreas/m4b-tool#m4b-tool-libfdk
  • The latter will build FFMpeg using libfdk_aac, which will take longer.
• Building: nix build github:sandreas/m4b-tool or nix build github:sandreas/m4b-tool#m4b-tool-libfdk
  • Wrapper script is located at ./result/bin/m4b-tool
• Developing: Clone and nix develop
  • When done updating dependencies, run composer2nix --executable --composition=composer.nix to update the .nix files

Announcement

I started an experiment, that now has reached an early alpha level and can be tried out. The command line tool is written in C#, fully open source and is called tone. It already has a pretty decent feature set, so if you would like to try it, here it is:

https://github.com/sandreas/tone

This announcement does NOT mean, that m4b-tool is deprecated or will be soon. The development of m4b-tool will go on (at least until tone has a feature-set similar to m4b-tool). It’s just to have an alternative tool for features, that may have limitations.

Have fun, can’t wait to get your feedback.

❗❗❗Important Note❗❗❗

Unfortunately I am pretty busy at the moment, so m4b-tool 0.4.2 is very old. Since it is not planned to release a
newer version without having complete documentation, there is
only the latest pre-release getting bug fixes. It is already
pretty stable, so if you are experiencing bugs with v0.4.2, please try the latest pre-release, if it has been already
fixed there.

Thank you, sandreas

https://pilabor.com

Features

• merge a set of audio files (e.g. MP3 or AAC) into a single m4b file
• split a single m4b file into several output files by chapters or a flac encoded album into single tracks via cue sheet
• Add or adjust chapters for an existing m4b file via silence detection or musicbrainz

TL;DR - examples for the most common tasks

Merge multiple files

merge all audio files in directory data/my-audio-book into file data/merged.m4b (tags are retained and data/my-audio-book/cover.jpg and data/my-audio-book/description.txt are embedded, if available)

m4b-tool merge "data/my-audio-book/" --output-file="data/merged.m4b"

Split one file by chapters

split one big m4b file by chapters into multiple mp3 files at data/my-audio-book_splitted/ (tags are retained, data/my-audio-book_splitted/cover.jpg is created, if m4b contains a cover)

m4b-tool split --audio-format mp3 --audio-bitrate 96k --audio-channels 1 --audio-samplerate 22050 "data/my-audio-book.m4b"

Chapters adjustment of a file via silence detection

chapters can try to adjust existing chapters of an m4b by silence detection

m4b-tool chapters --adjust-by-silence -o "data/destination-with-adjusted-chapters.m4b" "data/source-with-misplaced-chapters.m4b"

Best practices

Since the most used subcommand of m4b-tool seems to be merge, lets talk about best practice…

Step 0 - Take a look at the docker image

Unfortunately m4b-tool has many dependencies. Not only one-liners, if you would like to get the best quality and tagging support, many dependencies have to be compiled manually with extra options. Thats why you should take a look at the docker image, which comes with all the bells and whistles of top audio quality, top tagging support and easy installation and has almost no disadvantages.

Note: If you are on windows, it might be difficult to make it work

Step 1 - Organizing your audiobooks in directories

When merging audiobooks, you should prepare them - the following directory structure helps a lot, even if you only merge one single audiobook:

input/<main genre>/<author>/<title>

or if it is a series

input/<main genre>/<author>/<series>/<series-part> - <title>

Examples:

input/Fantasy/J.K. Rowling/Quidditch Through the Ages/
input/Fantasy/J.K. Rowling/Harry Potter/1 - Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone/

Note: If your audiobook title contains invalid path characters like /, just replace them with a dash -.

Step 2 - add cover and a description

Now, because you almost always want a cover and a description for your audiobook, you should add the following files in the main directory:

• cover.jpg (or cover.jpeg or cover.png)
• description.txt (Be sure to use UTF-8 text file encoding for the contents)

Examples:

input/Fantasy/J.K. Rowling/Quidditch Through the Ages/cover.jpg
input/Fantasy/J.K. Rowling/Quidditch Through the Ages/description.txt

Note: m4b-tool will find and embed these files automatically but does not fail, if they are not present

Step 3 - chapters

Chapters are nice to add waypoints for your audiobook. They help to remember the last position and improve the
experience in general.

fixed chapters

If you would like to adjust chapters manually, you can add a chapters.txt (same location as cover.jpg) with following contents (<chapter-start> <chapter-title>):

00:00:00.000 Intro
00:04:19.153 This is
00:09:24.078 A way to add
00:14:34.500 Chapters manually

by tag

If your input files are tagged, these tags will be used to create the chapter metadata by its title. So if you tag your input files with valid chapter names as track title, this will result in a nice and clean m4b-file with valid chapter names.

by length

Another great feature since m4b-tool v.0.4.0 is the --max-chapter-length parameter. Often the individual input files are too big which results in chapters with a very long duration. This can be annoying, if you would like to jump to a certain point, since you have to rewind or fast-forward and hold the button for a long time, instead of just tipping previous or next a few times. To automatically add sub-chapters, you could provide:

--max-chapter-length=300,900

This will cause m4b-tool

• Trying to preserve original chapters as long as they are not longer than 15 minutes (900 seconds)
• If a track is longer than 15 minutes
  • Perform a silence detection and try to add sub-chapters at every silence between 5 minutes (300 seconds) and 15 minutes (900 seconds)
  • If no silence is detected, add a hard cut sub-chapter every 5 minutes

Sub-chapters are named like the original and get an additional index. This is a nice way to keep the real names but not having chapters with a too long duration.

Step 4 (optional) - for iPod owners

If you own an iPod, there might be a problem with too long audiobooks, since iPods only support 32bit sampling rates. If your audiobook is longer than 27 hours with 22050Hz sampling rate, you could provide --adjust-for-ipod, to automatically downsample your audiobook, which results in lower quality, but at least its working on your good old iPod…

Step 5 (optional) - more cpu cores, faster conversion

m4b-tool supports multiple conversion tasks in parallel with the --jobs parameter (e.g. --jobs=2). If you have to convert more than one file, which is the common case, you nearly double the merge speed by providing the --jobs=2 parameter (or quadruplicate with --jobs=4, if you have a quad core system, etc.). Don’t provide a number higher than the number of cores on your system - this will slow down the merge…

Note: If you run the conversion on all your cores, it will result in almost 100% CPU usage, which may lead to slower system performance

Step 6 - Use the --batch-pattern feature

In m4b-tool v.0.4.0 the --batch-pattern feature was added. It can be used to batch-convert multiple audiobooks at
once, but also to just convert one single audiobook - because you can create tags from an existing directory structure.

Hint: The output-file parameter has to be a directory, when using --batch-pattern.

Even multiple --batch-pattern parameters are supported, while the first match will be used first. So if you created the directory structure as described above, the final command to merge input/Fantasy/Harry Potter/1 - Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone/ to output/Fantasy/Harry Potter/1 - Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone.m4b would look like this:

m4b-tool merge -v --jobs=2 --output-file="output/" --max-chapter-length=300,900 --adjust-for-ipod --batch-pattern="input/%g/%a/%s/%p - %n/"  --batch-pattern="input/%g/%a/%n/" "input/"

In --batch-pattern mode, existing files are skipped by default

Result

If you performed the above steps with the docker image or installed and compiled all dependencies, you should get the following result:

• Top quality audio by using libfdk_aac encoder
• Series and single audiobooks have valid tags for genre, author, title, sorttitle, etc. from --batch-pattern usage
• If the files cover.jpg (or cover.jpeg or cover.png) and description.txt exist in the main directories, a cover, a description and a longdesc are embedded
• If you tagged the input files, real chapter names should appear in your player
• No more chapters longer than 15 minutes
• Working iPod versions for audiobooks longer than 27 hours

Installation

Docker

To use docker with m4b-tool, you first have to

• pull the official docker image (recommended)
• or build the Dockerfile in the main directory

Official image

The official docker images are available on DockerHub. They are somewhat experimental, but have proven to work well. The latest tag is considered as way to go with the bleeding edge features and fixes. Every now and then a dated tag is published (e.g. sandreas/m4b-tool:2022-09-25), that is considered as pretty stable, to ensure a broken latest image will not break your whole setup.

# pull the image
docker pull sandreas/m4b-tool:latest

# create an alias for m4b-tool running docker
alias m4b-tool='docker run -it --rm -u $(id -u):$(id -g) -v "$(pwd)":/mnt sandreas/m4b-tool:latest'

# testing the command
m4b-tool --version

Note: If you use the alias above, keep in mind that you cannot use absolute paths (e.g. /tmp/data/audiobooks/harry potter 1) or symlinks. You must change into the directory and use relative paths (e.g. cd /tmp/data && m4b-tool merge "audiobooks/harry potter 1" --output-file harry.m4b)

Build manually or use a specific release version

To manually build a docker container for a specific m4b-tool release, it is required to provide an extra parameter for downloading a specific version into the image, e.g. for v.0.4.1:

# clone m4b-tool repository
git clone https://github.com/sandreas/m4b-tool.git

# change directory
cd m4b-tool

# build docker image - this will take a while
docker build . -t m4b-tool

# create an alias for m4b-tool running docker
alias m4b-tool='docker run -it --rm -u $(id -u):$(id -g) -v "$(pwd)":/mnt m4b-tool'

# testing the command
m4b-tool --version

# use the specific pre-release from 2022-07-16
docker build . --build-arg M4B_TOOL_DOWNLOAD_LINK=https://github.com/sandreas/m4b-tool/files/9125095/m4b-tool.tar.gz -t m4b-tool

Note: You could also just edit the according variable in the Dockerfile.

Dockerize a custom build, that is not available via download link

Developers or experts might want to run a complete custom build of m4b-tool or build the code themselves (e.g. if you forked the repository and applied some patches). If that is the case, you can store the custom build to dist/m4b-tool.phar relative to the Dockerfile and then do a default build.

# dist/m4b-tool.phar is available
docker build . -t m4b-tool

After this the custom build should be integrated into the docker image.

MacOS

On MacOS you may use the awesome package manager brew to install m4b-tool.

Recommended: High audio quality, sort tagging

Getting best audio quality requires some additional effort. You have to recompile ffmpeg with the non-free libfdk_aac codec. This requires uninstalling the default ffmpeg package if installed, since brew dropped the possibility for extra options. There is no official ffmpeg-with-options repository, but a pretty decent tap, that you could use to save time.

# FIRST INSTALL ONLY: if not already done, remove existing ffmpeg with default audio quality options
# check for ffmpeg with libfdk and uninstall if libfdk is not already available
[ -x "$(which ffmpeg)" ] && (ffmpeg -hide_banner -codecs 2>&1 | grep libfdk || brew uninstall ffmpeg)

# tap required repositories
brew tap sandreas/tap
brew tap homebrew-ffmpeg/ffmpeg

# check available ffmpeg options and which you would like to use
brew options homebrew-ffmpeg/ffmpeg/ffmpeg

# install ffmpeg with at least libfdk_aac for best audio quality
brew install homebrew-ffmpeg/ffmpeg/ffmpeg --with-fdk-aac

# install m4b-tool
brew install sandreas/tap/m4b-tool

# check installed m4b-tool version
m4b-tool --version

Stick to defaults (acceptable audio quality, no sort tagging)

If the above did not work for you or you would just to checkout m4b-tool before using it in production, you might want
to try the quick and easy way. It will work, but you get lower audio quality and there is no support for sort
tagging.

# tap m4b-tool repository
brew tap sandreas/tap

# install dependencies
brew install ffmpeg fdk-aac-encoder mp4v2

# install m4b-tool with acceptable audio quality and no sort tagging
brew install --ignore-dependencies sandreas/tap/m4b-tool

Ubuntu

# install all dependencies
sudo apt install ffmpeg mp4v2-utils fdkaac php-cli php-intl php-json php-mbstring php-xml

# install / upgrade m4b-tool
sudo wget https://github.com/sandreas/m4b-tool/releases/download/v.0.4.2/m4b-tool.phar -O /usr/local/bin/m4b-tool && sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/m4b-tool

# check installed m4b-tool version
m4b-tool --version

Note: If you would like to get the best possible audio quality, you have to compile ffmpeg with the high quality encoder fdk-aac (--enable-libfdk_aac) - see https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/CompilationGuide/Ubuntu for a step-by-step guide to compile ffmpeg.

Manual installation (only recommended on Windows systems)

m4b-tool is written in PHP and uses ffmpeg, mp4v2 and optionally fdkaac for high efficiency codecs to perform conversions. Therefore you will need the following tools in your %PATH%:

• php >= 7.1 with mbstring extension enabled (https://php.net)
• ffmpeg (https://www.ffmpeg.org)
• mp4v2 (mp4chaps, mp4art, etc. https://github.com/sandreas/m4b-tool/releases/download/v0.2/mp4v2-windows.zip)
• fdkaac (optional, only if you need high efficiency for low bitrates <= 32k, http://wlc.io/2015/06/20/fdk-aac/ - caution: not official!)

To check the dependencies, running following commands via command line should show similar output:

$ php -v
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group [...]

$ ffmpeg -version
ffmpeg version 4.1.1 Copyright (c) 2000-2019 the FFmpeg developers [...]

$ mp4chaps --version
mp4chaps - MP4v2 2.0.0

$ fdkaac
fdkaac 1.0.0 [...]

If you are sure, all dependencies are installed, the next step is to download the latest release of m4b-tool from

https://github.com/sandreas/m4b-tool/releases

Depending on the operating system, you can rename m4b-tool.phar to m4b-tool and run m4b-tool --version directly from the command line. If you are not sure, you can always use the command php m4b-tool.phar --version to check if the installation was successful. This should work on every system.

If you would like to use the latest source code with all new features and fixes, you could also build from source. The current build might be in unstable and should only be used for testing purposes or if you need a specific feature that has not been released.

Custom mp4v2 for accurate sorting order

Most audiobooks are not released in alphabetical order. A prominent example is Harry Potter. So if you have all the Harry Potter audiobooks, it depends on your player, but probably they are not listed in the correct order… let’s see, what the alphabetical order would be:

• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (Part 2)
• Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (Part 1)
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Part 3)

And the correct order would have been:

• Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (Part 1)
• Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (Part 2)
• Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (Part 3)

Well, there is a solution for this. You have to tag the audiobook with a custom sortname and / or sortalbum. If your
player supports these tags, the order is now correct, even when the title is still the original title. To achieve this,
i had to build a custom version of mp4v2 (more accurate mp4tags), to add options for these tags and add the pseudo
tags --series and --series-part.

So if you do the following:

m4b-tool merge --name="Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets" --series="Harry Potter" --series-part="2" --output-file="output/Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.m4b" "input/Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets"

It would result in:

• Name: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
• Sortname: Harry Potter 2 - Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

Install custom mp4v2

In the docker image, the custom version is already installed

git clone https://github.com/sandreas/mp4v2
cd mp4v2
./configure
make && sudo make install

About audio quality

In m4b-tool all audio conversions are performed with ffmpeg resulting in pretty descent audio quality using its free encoders. However, best quality takes some extra effort, so if you are using the free encoders, m4b-tool might show the following hint:

Your ffmpeg version cannot produce top quality aac using encoder aac instead of libfdk_aac

That’s not really a problem, because the difference between the aac and libfdk_aac encoder is hardly noticeable in
most cases. But to overcome the hint and get the best audio quality possible, you have to use a non-free encoder, that
is not integrated in ffmpeg by default (licensing reasons). Depending on the operating system you are using,
installing the non-free encoder may require a little extra skills, effort and time (see the notes for your operating
system above). You have to decide, if it is worth the additional effort for getting the slightly better quality. If you
are using the docker image, you should get the best quality by default.

If you are using very low bitrates (<= 32k), you could also use high efficiency profiles to further improve audio
quality (e.g. --audio-profile=aac_he for mono). Unfortunately, ffmpeg’s high efficiency implementation produces
audio files, that are incompatible with many players (including iTunes). To produce high efficiency files, that are
compatible with at least most common players, you will need to install fdkaac for now.

More Details:

• https://github.com/sandreas/m4b-tool/issues/19
• https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/AAC
• https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Encode/HighQualityAudio

Submitting issues

You think there is an issue with m4b-tool? First take a look at the Known Issues below. If this does not help, please provide the following information when adding an issue:

• the operating system you use
• the exact command, that you tried, e.g. m4b-tool merge my-audio-book/ --output-file merged.m4b
• the error message, that occured or the circumstances, e.g. the resulting file merged.m4b is only 5kb
• other relevant information, e.g. sample files if needed

Example:

Title: m4b-tool does not embed covers

If i run m4b-tool with a folder containing a cover.png, it does not embed the cover and shows an error message.

OS: Ubuntu 16.04 LTS
Command: `m4b-tool merge my-audio-book/ ---output-file merged.m4b`
Error: Cannot embed cover, cover is not a valid image file

Attached files: cover.png

Known issues

If you are getting PHP Exceptions, it is a configuration issue with PHP in most cases. If are not familiar with PHP
configuration, you could follow these instructions, to fix a few known issues:

Exception Charset not supported

[Exception]
  charset windows-1252 is not supported - use one of these instead: utf-8

This mostly happens on windows, because the mbstring-Extension is used to internally convert charsets, so that special
chars like german umlauts are supported on every platform. To fix this, you need to enable the mbstring-extension:

Run php --ini on the command line:

C:\>php --ini
...
Loaded Configuration File:         C:\Program Files\php\php.ini

Open the configuration file (e.g. C:\Program Files\php\php.ini) in a text editor and search for extension=. On Windows there should be an item like this:

;extension=php_mbstring.dll

remove the ; to enable the extension:

extension=php_mbstring.dll

Now everything should work as expected.

m4b-tool commands

The following list contains all possible commands including merge, split and chapters accompanied by the reference of parameters available in every command.

merge

With m4b-tool you can merge a set of audio files to one single m4b audiobook file.

Example:

m4b-tool merge "data/my-audio-book" --output-file="data/my-audio-book.m4b"

This merges all Audio-Files in folder data/my-audio-book into my-audio-book.m4b, using the tag-title of every file
for generating chapters.

If there is a file data/my-audio-book/cover.jpg (or cover.jpeg or cover.png), it will be used as cover for the resulting m4b file.

Note: If you use untagged audio files, you could provide a musicbrainz id to get the correct chapter names, see command chapter for more info.

Reference

For all options, see m4b-tool merge --help:

Description:
  Merges a set of files to one single file

Usage:
  merge [options] [--] <input> [<more-input-files>...]

Arguments:
  input                                          Input file or folder
  more-input-files                               Other Input files or folders

Options:
      --logfile[=LOGFILE]                        file to log all output [default: ""]
      --debug                                    enable debug mode - sets verbosity to debug, logfile to m4b-tool.log and temporary encoded files are not deleted
  -f, --force                                    force overwrite of existing files
      --no-cache                                 clear cache completely before doing anything
      --ffmpeg-threads[=FFMPEG-THREADS]          specify -threads parameter for ffmpeg - you should also consider --jobs when merge is used [default: ""]
      --platform-charset[=PLATFORM-CHARSET]      Convert from this filesystem charset to utf-8, when tagging files (e.g. Windows-1252, mainly used on Windows Systems) [default: ""]
      --ffmpeg-param[=FFMPEG-PARAM]              Add argument to every ffmpeg call, append after all other ffmpeg parameters (e.g. --ffmpeg-param="-max_muxing_queue_size" --ffmpeg-param="1000" for ffmpeg [...] -max_muxing_queue_size 1000) (multiple values allowed)
  -a, --silence-min-length[=SILENCE-MIN-LENGTH]  silence minimum length in milliseconds [default: 1750]
  -b, --silence-max-length[=SILENCE-MAX-LENGTH]  silence maximum length in milliseconds [default: 0]
      --max-chapter-length[=MAX-CHAPTER-LENGTH]  maximum chapter length in seconds - its also possible to provide a desired chapter length in form of 300,900 where 300 is desired and 900 is max - if the max chapter length is exceeded, the chapter is placed on the first silence between desired and max chapter length [default: "0"]
      --name[=NAME]                              custom name, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --sortname[=SORTNAME]                      custom sortname, that is used only for sorting
      --album[=ALBUM]                            custom album, otherwise the existing metadata for name will be used
      --sortalbum[=SORTALBUM]                    custom sortalbum, that is used only for sorting
      --artist[=ARTIST]                          custom artist, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --sortartist[=SORTARTIST]                  custom sortartist, that is used only for sorting
      --genre[=GENRE]                            custom genre, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --writer[=WRITER]                          custom writer, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --albumartist[=ALBUMARTIST]                custom albumartist, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --year[=YEAR]                              custom year, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --description[=DESCRIPTION]                custom short description, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --longdesc[=LONGDESC]                      custom long description, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --comment[=COMMENT]                        custom comment, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --copyright[=COPYRIGHT]                    custom copyright, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --encoded-by[=ENCODED-BY]                  custom encoded-by, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --cover[=COVER]                            custom cover, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --skip-cover                               skip extracting and embedding covers
      --series[=SERIES]                          custom series, this pseudo tag will be used to auto create sort order (e.g. Harry Potter or The Kingkiller Chronicles)
      --series-part[=SERIES-PART]                custom series part, this pseudo tag will be used to auto create sort order (e.g. 1 or 2.5)
      --audio-format[=AUDIO-FORMAT]              output format, that ffmpeg will use to create files [default: "m4b"]
      --audio-channels[=AUDIO-CHANNELS]          audio channels, e.g. 1, 2 [default: ""]
      --audio-bitrate[=AUDIO-BITRATE]            audio bitrate, e.g. 64k, 128k, ... [default: ""]
      --audio-samplerate[=AUDIO-SAMPLERATE]      audio samplerate, e.g. 22050, 44100, ... [default: ""]
      --audio-codec[=AUDIO-CODEC]                audio codec, e.g. libmp3lame, aac, ... [default: ""]
      --audio-profile[=AUDIO-PROFILE]            audio profile, when using extra low bitrate - valid values: aac_he, aac_he_v2 [default: ""]
      --adjust-for-ipod                          auto adjust bitrate and sampling rate for ipod, if track is too long (may result in low audio quality)
      --fix-mime-type                            try to fix MIME-type (e.g. from video/mp4 to audio/mp4) - this is needed for some players to prevent an empty video window
  -o, --output-file=OUTPUT-FILE                  output file
      --include-extensions[=INCLUDE-EXTENSIONS]  comma separated list of file extensions to include (others are skipped) [default: "aac,alac,flac,m4a,m4b,mp3,oga,ogg,wav,wma,mp4"]
  -m, --musicbrainz-id=MUSICBRAINZ-ID            musicbrainz id so load chapters from
      --no-conversion                            skip conversion (destination file uses same encoding as source - all encoding specific options will be ignored)
      --batch-pattern[=BATCH-PATTERN]            multiple batch patterns that can be used to merge all audio books in a directory matching the given patterns (e.g. %a/%t for author/title) - parameter --output-file must be a directory (multiple values allowed)
      --dry-run                                  perform a dry run without converting all the files in batch mode (requires --batch-pattern)
      --jobs[=JOBS]                              Specifies the number of jobs (commands) to run simultaneously [default: 1]
      --use-filenames-as-chapters                Use filenames for chapter titles instead of tag contents
      --no-chapter-reindexing                    Do not perform any reindexing for index-only chapter names (by default m4b-tool will try to detect index-only chapters like Chapter 1, Chapter 2 and reindex it with its numbers only)
  -h, --help                                     Display this help message
  -q, --quiet                                    Do not output any message
  -V, --version                                  Display this application version
      --ansi                                     Force ANSI output
      --no-ansi                                  Disable ANSI output
  -n, --no-interaction                           Do not ask any interactive question
  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose                           Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug

Placeholder reference for --batch-pattern

If you use the --batch-pattern parameter, the following placeholders are supported

• title / name: %n
• sort_name: %N
• album: %m,
• sort_album: %M,
• artist: %a,
• sort_artist: %A,
• genre: %g,
• writer: %w,
• album_artist: %t,
• year: %y,
• description: %d,
• long_description: %D,
• comment: %c,
• copyright: %C,
• encoded_by: %e,
• group(ing): %G,
• purchase_date: %U,
• series: %s,
• series_part: %p,

split

m4b-tool can be used to split a single m4b into a file per chapter or a flac encoded album into single tracks via cue sheet.

Example:

m4b-tool split --audio-format mp3 --audio-bitrate 96k --audio-channels 1 --audio-samplerate 22050 "data/my-audio-book.m4b"

This splits the file data/my-audio-book.m4b into an mp3 file for each chapter, writing the files into data/my-audio-book_splitted/.

Cue sheet splitting (experimental)

If you would like to split a flac file containing multiple tracks, a cue sheet with the exact filename of the flac is
required (my-album.flac requires my-album.cue):

# my-album.cue is automatically found and used for splitting
m4b-tool split --audio-format=mp3 --audio-bitrate=192k --audio-channels=2 --audio-samplerate=48000 "data/my-album.flac"

Reference

For all options, see m4b-tool split --help:

Description:
  Splits an m4b file into parts

Usage:
  split [options] [--] <input>

Arguments:
  input                                          Input file or folder

Options:
      --logfile[=LOGFILE]                        file to dump all output [default: ""]
      --debug                                    enable debug mode - sets verbosity to debug, logfile to m4b-tool.log and temporary files are not deleted
  -f, --force                                    force overwrite of existing files
      --no-cache                                 do not use cached values and clear cache completely
      --ffmpeg-threads[=FFMPEG-THREADS]          specify -threads parameter for ffmpeg [default: ""]
      --platform-charset[=PLATFORM-CHARSET]      Convert from this filesystem charset to utf-8, when tagging files (e.g. Windows-1252, mainly used on Windows Systems) [default: ""]
      --ffmpeg-param[=FFMPEG-PARAM]              Add argument to every ffmpeg call, append after all other ffmpeg parameters (e.g. --ffmpeg-param="-max_muxing_queue_size" --ffmpeg-param="1000" for ffmpeg [...] -max_muxing_queue_size 1000) (multiple values allowed)
  -a, --silence-min-length[=SILENCE-MIN-LENGTH]  silence minimum length in milliseconds [default: 1750]
  -b, --silence-max-length[=SILENCE-MAX-LENGTH]  silence maximum length in milliseconds [default: 0]
      --max-chapter-length[=MAX-CHAPTER-LENGTH]  maximum chapter length in seconds - its also possible to provide a desired chapter length in form of 300,900 where 300 is desired and 900 is max - if the max chapter length is exceeded, the chapter is placed on the first silence between desired and max chapter length [default: "0"]
      --audio-format[=AUDIO-FORMAT]              output format, that ffmpeg will use to create files [default: "m4b"]
      --audio-channels[=AUDIO-CHANNELS]          audio channels, e.g. 1, 2 [default: ""]
      --audio-bitrate[=AUDIO-BITRATE]            audio bitrate, e.g. 64k, 128k, ... [default: ""]
      --audio-samplerate[=AUDIO-SAMPLERATE]      audio samplerate, e.g. 22050, 44100, ... [default: ""]
      --audio-codec[=AUDIO-CODEC]                audio codec, e.g. libmp3lame, aac, ... [default: ""]
      --audio-profile[=AUDIO-PROFILE]            audio profile, when using extra low bitrate - valid values (mono, stereo): aac_he, aac_he_v2  [default: ""]
      --adjust-for-ipod                          auto adjust bitrate and sampling rate for ipod, if track is to long (may lead to poor quality)
      --name[=NAME]                              provide a custom audiobook name, otherwise the existing metadata will be used [default: ""]
      --sortname[=SORTNAME]                      provide a custom audiobook name, that is used only for sorting purposes [default: ""]
      --album[=ALBUM]                            provide a custom audiobook album, otherwise the existing metadata for name will be used [default: ""]
      --sortalbum[=SORTALBUM]                    provide a custom audiobook album, that is used only for sorting purposes [default: ""]
      --artist[=ARTIST]                          provide a custom audiobook artist, otherwise the existing metadata will be used [default: ""]
      --sortartist[=SORTARTIST]                  provide a custom audiobook artist, that is used only for sorting purposes [default: ""]
      --genre[=GENRE]                            provide a custom audiobook genre, otherwise the existing metadata will be used [default: ""]
      --writer[=WRITER]                          provide a custom audiobook writer, otherwise the existing metadata will be used [default: ""]
      --albumartist[=ALBUMARTIST]                provide a custom audiobook albumartist, otherwise the existing metadata will be used [default: ""]
      --year[=YEAR]                              provide a custom audiobook year, otherwise the existing metadata will be used [default: ""]
      --cover[=COVER]                            provide a custom audiobook cover, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --description[=DESCRIPTION]                provide a custom audiobook short description, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --longdesc[=LONGDESC]                      provide a custom audiobook long description, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --comment[=COMMENT]                        provide a custom audiobook comment, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --copyright[=COPYRIGHT]                    provide a custom audiobook copyright, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --encoded-by[=ENCODED-BY]                  provide a custom audiobook encoded-by, otherwise the existing metadata will be used
      --series[=SERIES]                          provide a custom audiobook series, this pseudo tag will be used to auto create sort order (e.g. Harry Potter or The Kingkiller Chronicles)
      --series-part[=SERIES-PART]                provide a custom audiobook series part, this pseudo tag will be used to auto create sort order (e.g. 1 or 2.5)
      --skip-cover                               skip extracting and embedding covers
      --fix-mime-type                            try to fix MIME-type (e.g. from video/mp4 to audio/mp4) - this is needed for some players to prevent video window
  -o, --output-dir[=OUTPUT-DIR]                  output directory [default: ""]
  -p, --filename-template[=FILENAME-TEMPLATE]    filename twig-template for output file naming [default: "{{\"%03d\"|format(track)}}-{{title|raw}}"]
      --use-existing-chapters-file               use an existing manually edited chapters file <audiobook-name>.chapters.txt instead of embedded chapters for splitting
  -h, --help                                     Display this help message
  -q, --quiet                                    Do not output any message
  -V, --version                                  Display this application version
      --ansi                                     Force ANSI output
      --no-ansi                                  Disable ANSI output
  -n, --no-interaction                           Do not ask any interactive question
  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose                           Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug

Help:
  Split an m4b into multiple m4b or mp3 files by chapter

filename-template reference

If you would like to use a custom filename template, the Twig template engine is provided. The following variables are available:

{{encoder}}
{{title}}
{{artist}}
{{genre}}
{{writer}}
{{album}}
{{disk}}
{{disks}}
{{albumArtist}}
{{year}}
{{track}}
{{tracks}}
{{cover}}
{{description}}
{{longDescription}}
{{comment}}
{{copyright}}
{{encodedBy}}

• You can also use some Twig specific template extensions to pad or reformat these values. The default template is {{\"%03d\"|format(track)}}-{{title}}, which results in filenames like 001-mychapter
• Slashes are interpreted as directory separators, so if you use a template {{year}}/{{artist}}/{{title}} the resulting directory and file is 2018/Joanne K. Rowling/Harry Potter 1
• It is not recommended to use {{description}} or {{longdescription}} for filenames but they are also provided, if the field contains other information than intended
• Special chars, that are forbidden in filenames are removed automatically

chapters

Many m4b audiobook files do not contain valid chapters for different reasons. m4b-tool can handle two cases:

• Correct misplaced chapters by silence detection
• Add chapters from an internet source (mostly for well known titles)

Misplaced chapters

In some cases there is a shift between the chapter mark and the real beginning of a chapter. m4b-tool could try
to correct that by detecting silences and relocating the chapter to the nearest silence:

m4b-tool chapters --adjust-by-silence -o "data/destination-with-adjusted-chapters.m4b" "data/source-with-misplaced-chapters.m4b"

It won’t work, if the shift is to large or if the chapters are strongly misplaced, but since everything is done automatically, it’s worth a try, isn’t it?

Too long chapters

Sometimes you have a file that contains valid chapters, but they are too long, so you would like to split them into
sub-chapters. This is tricky, because the chapters command relays only on metadata and not on track length - so it
won’t work. BUT: There might be a workaround. In the latest pre-release since July 2020 you can do the following:

• Put the source file into an empty directory, e.g. input/my-file.m4b (this is important, don’t skip this step!)
• Run m4b-tool merge -v --no-conversion --max-chapter-length=300,900 "input/" -o "output/my-rechaptered-file.m4b"

Because of --no-conversion the chaptering process is lossless, but it takes the existing chapters as input and
recalculates it based on the --max-chapter-length parameter and a new silence detection.

No chapters at all

If you have a well known audiobook, like Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, you might be lucky that it is
on musicbrainz.

In this case m4b-tool can try to correct the chapter information using silence detection and the musicbrainz data.

Since this is not a trivial task and prone to error, m4b-tool offers some parameters to correct misplaced chapter
positions manually.

A typical workflow

Getting the musicbrainz id

You have to find the exact musicbrainz id:

• An easy way to find the book is to use the authors name or the readers name to search for it
• Once you found the book of interest, click on the list entry to show further information
• To get the musicbrainz id, open the details page and find the MBID (e.g. 8669da33-bf9c-47fe-adc9-23798a37b096)

Example: https://musicbrainz.org/work/8669da33-bf9c-47fe-adc9-23798a37b096

MBID: 8669da33-bf9c-47fe-adc9-23798a37b096

Finding main chapters

After getting the MBID you should find the main chapter points (where the name of the current chapter name is read aloud by the author).

m4b-tool chapters --merge-similar --first-chapter-offset 4000 --last-chapter-offset 3500 -m 8669da33-bf9c-47fe-adc9-23798a37b096 "../data/harry-potter-1.m4b"

Explanation:

• --merge-similar: merges all similar chapters (e.g. The Boy Who Lived, Part 1 and The Boy Who Lived, Part 2 will be merged to The Boy Who Lived)
• --first-chapter-offset: creates an start offset chapter called Offset First Chapter with a length of 4 seconds for skipping intros (e.g. audible, etc.)
• --last-chapter-offset: creates an end offset chapter called Offset Last Chapter with a length of 3,5 seconds for skipping outros (e.g. audible, etc.)
• -m: MBID

Finding misplaced main chapters

Now listen to the audiobook an go through the chapters. Lets assume, all but 2 chapters were detected correctly. The two
misplaced chapters are chapter number 6 and 9.

To find the real position of chapters 6 and 9 invoke:

m4b-tool chapter --find-misplaced-chapters 5,8  --merge-similar --first-chapter-offset 4000 --last-chapter-offset 3500 -m 8669da33-bf9c-47fe-adc9-23798a37b096 "../data/harry-potter-1.m4b"

Explanation:
--find-misplaced-chapters: Comma separated list of chapter numbers, that were not detected correctly.

Now m4b-tool will generate a potential chapter for every silence around the used chapter mark to find the right chapter position.

Listen to the audiobook again and find the right chapter position. Note them down.

Manually adjust misplaced chapters

Next run the full chapter detection with the --no-chapter-import option, which prevents writing the chapters directly to the file.

m4b-tool chapter --no-chapter-import --first-chapter-offset 4000 --last-chapter-offset 3500 -m 8669da33-bf9c-47fe-adc9-23798a37b096 "../data/harry-potter-1.m4b"

To Adjust misplaced chapters, do the following:

• Change the start position of all misplaced chapters manually in the file ../data/harry-potter-1.chapters.txt
• Import the corrected chapters with mp4chaps -i ../data/harry-potter-1.m4b

Listen to harry-potter-1.m4b again, now the chapters should be at the correct position.

Troubleshooting

If none of the chapters are detected correctly, this can have different reasons:

• The silence parts of this audiobook are too short for detection. To adjust the minimum silence length,
  use --silence-min-length 1000 setting the silence length to 1 second.
  • Caution: To low values can lead to misplaced chapters and increased detection time.
• You provided the wrong MBID
• There is too much background noise in this specific audiobook, so that silences cannot be detected

Reference

For all options, see m4b-tool chapters --help:

Description:
  Adds chapters to m4b file

Usage:
  chapters [options] [--] <input>

Arguments:
  input                                                      Input file or folder

Options:
      --logfile[=LOGFILE]                                    file to dump all output [default: ""]
      --debug                                                enable debug mode - sets verbosity to debug, logfile to m4b-tool.log and temporary files are not deleted
  -f, --force                                                force overwrite of existing files
      --no-cache                                             do not use cached values and clear cache completely
      --ffmpeg-threads[=FFMPEG-THREADS]                      specify -threads parameter for ffmpeg [default: ""]
      --platform-charset[=PLATFORM-CHARSET]                  Convert from this filesystem charset to utf-8, when tagging files (e.g. Windows-1252, mainly used on Windows Systems) [default: ""]
      --ffmpeg-param[=FFMPEG-PARAM]                          Add argument to every ffmpeg call, append after all other ffmpeg parameters (e.g. --ffmpeg-param="-max_muxing_queue_size" --ffmpeg-param="1000" for ffmpeg [...] -max_muxing_queue_size 1000) (multiple values allowed)
  -a, --silence-min-length[=SILENCE-MIN-LENGTH]              silence minimum length in milliseconds [default: 1750]
  -b, --silence-max-length[=SILENCE-MAX-LENGTH]              silence maximum length in milliseconds [default: 0]
      --max-chapter-length[=MAX-CHAPTER-LENGTH]              maximum chapter length in seconds - its also possible to provide a desired chapter length in form of 300,900 where 300 is desired and 900 is max - if the max chapter length is exceeded, the chapter is placed on the first silence between desired and max chapter length [default: "0"]
  -m, --musicbrainz-id=MUSICBRAINZ-ID                        musicbrainz id so load chapters from
  -s, --merge-similar                                        merge similar chapter names
  -o, --output-file[=OUTPUT-FILE]                            write chapters to this output file [default: ""]
      --adjust-by-silence                                    will try to adjust chapters of a file by silence detection and existing chapter marks
      --find-misplaced-chapters[=FIND-MISPLACED-CHAPTERS]    mark silence around chapter numbers that where not detected correctly, e.g. 8,15,18 [default: ""]
      --find-misplaced-offset[=FIND-MISPLACED-OFFSET]        mark silence around chapter numbers with this offset seconds maximum [default: 120]
      --find-misplaced-tolerance[=FIND-MISPLACED-TOLERANCE]  mark another chapter with this offset before each silence to compensate ffmpeg mismatches [default: -4000]
      --no-chapter-numbering                                 do not append chapter number after name, e.g. My Chapter (1)
      --no-chapter-import                                    do not import chapters into m4b-file, just create chapters.txt
      --chapter-pattern[=CHAPTER-PATTERN]                    regular expression for matching chapter name [default: "/^[^:]+[1-9][0-9]*:[\s]*(.*),.*[1-9][0-9]*[\s]*$/i"]
      --chapter-replacement[=CHAPTER-REPLACEMENT]            regular expression replacement for matching chapter name [default: "$1"]
      --chapter-remove-chars[=CHAPTER-REMOVE-CHARS]          remove these chars from chapter name [default: "„“”"]
      --first-chapter-offset[=FIRST-CHAPTER-OFFSET]          milliseconds to add after silence on chapter start [default: 0]
      --last-chapter-offset[=LAST-CHAPTER-OFFSET]            milliseconds to add after silence on chapter start [default: 0]
  -h, --help                                                 Display this help message
  -q, --quiet                                                Do not output any message
  -V, --version                                              Display this application version
      --ansi                                                 Force ANSI output
      --no-ansi                                              Disable ANSI output
  -n, --no-interaction                                       Do not ask any interactive question
  -v|vv|vvv, --verbose                                       Increase the verbosity of messages: 1 for normal output, 2 for more verbose output and 3 for debug

Help:
  Can add Chapters to m4b files via different types of inputs

Latest release

m4b-tool is a one-man-project, so sometimes it evolves quickly and often nothing happens. If you have reported an
issue and it is marked as fixed, there might be no stable release for a long time. That’s why now there is
a latest tag in combination with a Pre-Release for testing purposes. These releases always contain the most recent
builds with all available fixes and new features. Mostly untested, there may be new bugs, non-functional features or -
pretty unlikely - critical issues with the risk of data loss. Feedback is always welcome, but don’t expect that these
are fixed quickly.

To get the Pre-Release, go to https://github.com/sandreas/m4b-tool/releases/tag/latest and download
the m4b-tool.tar.gz or if using docker rebuild the image with:

docker build . --build-arg M4B_TOOL_DOWNLOAD_LINK=<link-to-pre-release> -t m4b-tool

Building from source

m4b-tool contains a build script, which will create an executable m4b-tool.phar in the dist folder. Composer for PHP
is required, so after installing composer, run following commands in project root folder:

Linux / Unix

Install Dependencies (Ubuntu)

sudo apt install ffmpeg mp4v2-utils fdkaac php-cli composer phpunit php-mbstring

Build

composer install
./build

macOS

Install Dependencies (brew)

brew update
brew install [email protected] phpunit
brew link [email protected]

Build

composer install
./build

Windows

composer install
build

Request for help - especially german users

Right now, I’m experimenting with speech recognition and speech to text using this project

This is for a feature to automatically add chapter names by speech recognition. I’m not sure this will be ever working as expected, but right now I’m pretty confident, it is possible to do the following, if there are enough speech samples in a specific language:

• Extract chapter names and first sentences of a chapter from an ebook
• Detect all silences in the audiobook
• Perform a speech to text for the first 30 seconds after the silence
• Compare it with the text parts of the ebook, mark the chapter positions and add real chapters names

To do that and improve the german speech recognition, I would really appreciate YOUR help on:

https://voice.mozilla.org/de (german)

No account is needed to help

You can support mozilla DeepSpeech to better support german speech recognition by just verifying sentences after listening or, even more important, reading out loud and uploading sentences. I try to add a few ones every day, its really easy and quite fun. At the moment the german speech recognition is not good enough for the algorithm, but I will check out every now and then - as soon the recognition is working good enough, I’ll go on with this feature.