tilt

Generic interface to multiple Ruby template engines

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Ruby

Tilt

Tilt is a thin interface over a bunch of different Ruby template engines in
an attempt to make their usage as generic as possible. This is useful for web
frameworks, static site generators, and other systems that support multiple
template engines but don’t want to code for each of them individually.

The following features are supported for all template engines (assuming the
feature is relevant to the engine):

Custom template evaluation scopes / bindings
Ability to pass locals to template evaluation
Support for passing a block to template evaluation for “yield”
Backtraces with correct filenames and line numbers
Template file caching and reloading
Fast, method-based template source compilation

The primary goal is to get all of the things listed above right for all
template engines included in the distribution.

Support for these template engines is included with the package:

Engine	File Extensions	Required Libraries	Maintainer
Asciidoctor	.ad, .adoc, .asciidoc	asciidoctor (>= 0.1.0)	Community
ERB	.erb, .rhtml	none (included ruby stdlib)	Tilt team
InterpolatedString	.str	none (included ruby core)	Tilt team
Erubi	.erb, .rhtml, .erubi	erubi	Community
Erubis	.erb, .rhtml, .erubis	erubis	Tilt team
Haml	.haml	haml	Tilt team
Sass	.sass	sass-embedded (>= 1.0) or sassc (>=2.0)	Tilt team
Scss	.scss	sass-embedded (>= 1.0) or sassc (>=2.0)	Tilt team
Builder	.builder	builder	Tilt team
Liquid	.liquid	liquid	Community
RDiscount	.markdown, .mkd, .md	rdiscount	Community
Redcarpet	.markdown, .mkd, .md	redcarpet	Community
Kramdown	.markdown, .mkd, .md	kramdown	Community
Pandoc	.markdown, .mkd, .md	pandoc	Community
reStructuredText	.rst	pandoc	Community
Maruku	.markdown, .mkd, .md	maruku	Community
CommonMarker	.markdown, .mkd, .md	commonmarker	Community
RedCloth	.textile	redcloth	Community
RDoc	.rdoc	rdoc	Tilt team
Radius	.radius	radius	Community
Markaby	.mab	markaby	Tilt team
Nokogiri	.nokogiri	nokogiri	Community
CoffeeScript	.coffee	coffee-script (+ javascript)	Tilt team
CoffeeScript (literate)	.litcoffee	coffee-script (>= 1.5.0) (+ javascript)	Tilt team
LiveScript	.ls	livescript (+ javascript)	Tilt team
TypeScript	.ts	typescript (+ javascript)	Tilt team
Creole (Wiki markup)	.wiki, .creole	creole	Community
WikiCloth (Wiki markup)	.wiki, .mediawiki, .mw	wikicloth	Community
Yajl	.yajl	yajl-ruby	Community
CSV	.rcsv	none (included ruby stdlib)	Tilt team
Prawn	.prawn	prawn (>= 2.0.0)	Community
Babel	.es6, .babel, .jsx	babel-transpiler	Tilt team
Opal	.rb	opal	Community

Every supported template engine has a maintainer. Note that this is the
maintainer of the Tilt integration, not the maintainer of the template engine
itself. The maintainer is responsible for providing an adequate integration and
keeping backwards compatibility across Tilt version. Some integrations are
maintained by the community, which is handled in the following way:

The Tilt team will liberally accept pull requests to update existing
community-maintained template integrations. It’s up to the community as a
whole to make sure the integration stays consistent and backwards compatible
over time.
Test failures in community-maintained integrations will not be prioritized by
the Tilt team and a new version of Tilt might be released even though these
tests are failing.
Anyone can become a maintainer for a template engine integration they care
about. Just open an issue and we’ll figure it out.
The Tilt team is no longer accepting new community-maintained template
integrations.

These template engines ship with their own Tilt integration:

Engine	File Extensions	Required Libraries
Slim	.slim	slim (>= 0.7)
Embedded JavaScript		sprockets
Embedded CoffeeScript		sprockets
JST		sprockets
Org-mode	.org	org-ruby (>= 0.6.2)
Emacs Org	.org	tilt-emacs_org
Handlebars	.hbs, handlebars	tilt-handlebars
Jbuilder	.jbuilder	tilt-jbuilder

See TEMPLATES.md for detailed information on template engine
options and supported features.

Basic Usage

Instant gratification:

require 'erb'
require 'tilt'
template = Tilt.new('templates/foo.erb')
=> #<Tilt::ERBTemplate @file="templates/foo.erb" ...>
output = template.render
=> "Hello world!"

It’s recommended that calling programs explicitly require template engine
libraries (like ‘erb’ above) at load time. Tilt attempts to lazy require the
template engine library the first time a template is created but this is
prone to error in threaded environments.

The {Tilt} module contains generic implementation classes for all supported
template engines. Each template class adheres to the same interface for
creation and rendering. In the instant gratification example, we let Tilt
determine the template implementation class based on the filename, but
{Tilt::Template} implementations can also be used directly:

require 'tilt/haml'
template = Tilt::HamlTemplate.new('templates/foo.haml')
output = template.render

The render method takes an optional evaluation scope and locals hash
arguments. Here, the template is evaluated within the context of the
Person object with locals x and y:

require 'tilt/erb'
template = Tilt::ERBTemplate.new('templates/foo.erb')
joe = Person.find('joe')
output = template.render(joe, :x => 35, :y => 42)

If no scope is provided, the template is evaluated within the context of an
object created with Object.new.

A single Template instance’s render method may be called multiple times
with different scope and locals arguments. Continuing the previous example,
we render the same compiled template but this time in jane’s scope:

jane = Person.find('jane')
output = template.render(jane, :x => 22, :y => nil)

Blocks can be passed to render for templates that support running
arbitrary ruby code (usually with some form of yield). For instance,
assuming the following in foo.erb:

Hey <%= yield %>!

The block passed to render is called on yield:

template = Tilt::ERBTemplate.new('foo.erb')
template.render { 'Joe' }
# => "Hey Joe!"

Template Mappings

The {Tilt::Mapping} class includes methods for associating template
implementation classes with filename patterns and for locating/instantiating
template classes based on those associations.

The {Tilt} module has a global instance of Mapping that is populated with the
table of template engines above.

The {Tilt.register} method associates a filename pattern with a specific
template implementation. To use ERB for files ending in a .bar extension:

>> Tilt.register Tilt::ERBTemplate, 'bar'
>> Tilt.new('views/foo.bar')
=> #<Tilt::ERBTemplate @file="views/foo.bar" ...>

Retrieving the template class for a file or file extension:

>> Tilt['foo.bar']
=> Tilt::ERBTemplate
>> Tilt['haml']
=> Tilt::HamlTemplate

Retrieving a list of template classes for a file:

>> Tilt.templates_for('foo.bar')
=> [Tilt::ERBTemplate]
>> Tilt.templates_for('foo.haml.bar')
=> [Tilt::ERBTemplate, Tilt::HamlTemplate]

The template class is determined by searching for a series of decreasingly
specific name patterns. When creating a new template with
Tilt.new('views/foo.html.erb'), we check for the following template
mappings:

views/foo.html.erb
foo.html.erb
html.erb
erb

Encodings

Tilt needs to know the encoding of the template in order to work properly:

Tilt will use Encoding.default_external as the encoding when reading external
files. If you’re mostly working with one encoding (e.g. UTF-8) we highly
recommend setting this option. When providing a custom reader block (Tilt.new { custom_string }) you’ll have ensure the string is properly encoded yourself.

Most of the template engines in Tilt also allows you to override the encoding
using the :default_encoding-option:

tmpl = Tilt.new('hello.erb', :default_encoding => 'Big5')

Ultimately it’s up to the template engine how to handle the encoding: It might
respect :default_encoding, it might always assume it’s UTF-8 (like
CoffeeScript), or it can do its own encoding detection.

Template Compilation

Tilt compiles generated Ruby source code produced by template engines and reuses
it on subsequent template invocations. Benchmarks show this yields a 5x-10x
performance increase over evaluating the Ruby source on each invocation.